Daniele Visioni

Daniele Visioni

Climate researcher

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Future Blog Post

less than 1 minute read

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This post will show up by default. To disable scheduling of future posts, edit config.yml and set future: false. Read more

Metano Artico

1 minute read

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C′è una trappola sotto i ghiacci artici? Molto probabilmente no.

Ciclicamente torna alla ribalta la notizia di una possibile "trappola" nascosta sotto i ghiacci artici, pronta a dare il colpo di grazia al nostro pianeta. Secondo questi report, lo scioglimento dei ghiacci è in procinto di rilasciare un enorme quantità di metano nascosto lì sotto in epoche passate. Il metano è un gas serra davvero potente, seppure con una vita più breve della CO2, per cui, se la notizia fosse vera, sarebbe davvero un problema enorme. Ma lo è? Che l′Artico sia una fonte di metano non è una novità: lo scioglimento del permafrost rilascia metano, e il permafrost è sempre più minacciato dal riscaldamento globale, che è specialmente percepibile alle alte latitudini: per questo motivo, le emissioni di metano dall′artico stanno effettivamente aumentando, a causa dello scioglimento del permafrost, e ciò è stato ampiamente provato 1. Ma questi report "catastrofici" suggeriscono che ci sia un′enorme quantità di metano pronta ad essere rilasciata tutta allo stesso momento quando il permafrost sarà abbastanza indebolito. La verità è che una tale riserva di metano pronta sotto la superficie non esiste, o meglio, esiste, ma è nascosta abbastanza in profondità da non essere infastidita dallo scioglimento dei ghiacci. Vi sono molte prove che a decidere quanto metano sia emesso siano fattori geologici dovuti a regolari "movimenti" della crosta terrestre 2, movimenti che avvengono su scale millenarie e per lo più indifferenti a quello che avviene in superficie 3. Quindi, nessuna bomba su quel versante. Ma sapete che c′è? Che non dovrebbe servire la minaccia di una "bomba" per farci preoccupare. Ce n′è abbastanza, tra quello che sappiamo sta avvenendo, per farci comprendere il rischio che viviamo. Quest′anno i ghiacci artici si stanno comportando in modo davvero preoccupante, e la loro riduzione è già di suo una minaccia per il clima, dato che la ritirata dei ghiacci non farà altro che amplificare il riscaldamento in corso 4. Ma la preoccupazione per quello che sta avvenendo non deve mai farci perdere di vista la necessità di verificare sempre le notizie che diffondiamo. Read more

Nuvole Aliene

3 minute read

Published:

Nuvole Aliene

In queste ultime settimane in molti hanno riportato l’osservazione di un cielo coperto di nubi soffuse di un alone bluastro, quasi fossero illuminate, subito dopo il tramonto. Meravigliose, sì, ma anche un po’ spaventose… Come è possibile? Qualcuno si sta divertendo a fare qualche scherzetto?  No, niente alieni, possiamo assicurarvelo. I fortunati osservatori hanno osservato un fenomeno abbastanza raro – quelle che vengono chiamate “nubi nottilucenti”. Le chiamiamo nubi, ma hanno davvero poco a che fare con i nuvoloni temporaleschi di tutti i giorni. Al contrario di quelli, infatti, che si trovano solo pochi chilometri sopra le nostre teste, le nubi nottilucenti si trovano nella mesosfera, tra i 60 e gli 80 km di altezza, e sono visibili in estate, quando la mesosfera è più fredda, ad alte latitudini (tra 50° e 70°) 1. Sembra poco, per noi abituati a viaggiare in orizzontale, ma in realtà, in verticale, è un mondo completamente diverso. Le temperature sono più fredde di quelle medie sulla superficie di Marte, meno di -100 °C! In queste strane, aliene condizioni, è facile immaginare che l’acqua ghiacci con facilità. Il problema è che di acqua, a quelle altitudini, praticamente non ce n’è (l’aria del Sahara contiene 100 milioni di volte più particelle d’acqua della mesosfera). L’unica sorgente possibile deve venire dagli strati atmosferici inferiori, ed è proprio questo che, a volte, succede. L’aria troposferica, molto più umida, come il più bravo dei surfisti “viaggia” sulle onde di gravità atmosferiche che si muovono dal basso verso l’alto, e che arrivate in mesosfera, dove l’aria è molto rarefatta, si dissipano, aumentando temporaneamente l’umidità locale (supersaturazione) 2. Basta questo a produrle? Non proprio. Nonostante il freddo, per formare questi minuscoli cristalli di ghiaccio (qualche decina di nanometri) serve un altro ingrediente, un nucleo solido che renda il processo di coagulazione e congelamento più facile. Questi nuclei sono anche loro difficili da ottenere in quei luoghi, e ci sono ancora dubbi sulla loro provenienza. Una delle teorie più accreditate è che tali particelle vengano… dallo spazio, e che siano il residuo di micrometeoriti 3. Quindi sì, forse ci sbagliavamo, e queste nuvole sono davvero aliene! E infine, prendendo qualcosa dalla terra e qualcosa dal cielo, abbiamo tutti gli ingredienti per la formazione di queste magiche nubi, capaci di intercettare i raggi obliqui del sole morente e di illuminarsi come festoni natalizi, allietando le nostre calde serate estive. Ma durante l’ultimo secolo, una grande curiosità a spesso assalito i ricercatori: se queste nubi sono così magnifiche, perché non se ne trova traccia da nessuna parte prima della fine dell’800? Possibile che i nostri antenati fossero così distratti? La risposta (scusate se vi rovinerà la festa!) è che sono le nostre attività ad aver reso questo fenomeno così frequente e brillante. Il metano prodotto dalle attività umane (e ne produciamo sempre più, e la sua concentrazione è quasi quadruplicata rispetto alle precedenti ere geologiche), infatti, ha la tendenza ad ossidarsi, specialmente in stratosfera, trasformandosi in anidride carbonica e vapor d’acqua. Proprio questo aumento di vapor d’acqua di origine antropica renderebbe queste nuvole così magiche molto più facili da osservare 4. Read more

publications

Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide

Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017

Review of previous literature on SG, summarising the radiative forcing estimates for various direct and indirect effects. Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., Pitari, G., and Aquila, V. (2017). "Sulfate geoengineering: A review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 17, 3879-3889 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/3879/2017/acp-17-3879-2017.html

Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017

SG effect on atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, with particular focus on atmospheric methane. Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., Pitari, G., Aquila, V., Tilmes, S., Cionni, I., Di Genova, G., and Mancini, E. (2017). "Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: Results from the geoengineering model intercomparison project (GeoMIP)". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 17, 11209-11226 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/11209/2017/acp-17-11209-2017.html

Sulfur deposition changes under sulfate geoengineering conditions: quasi-biennial oscillation effects on the transport and lifetime of stratospheric aerosols

Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018

Interactions between aerosol growth and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, and their effects on sulfate deposition Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., Pitari, G., Tuccella, P., & Curci, G. (2018). "Sulfur deposition changes under sulfate geoengineering conditions: Quasi-biennial oscillation effects on the transport and lifetime of stratospheric aerosols". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 18, 2787-2808 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/2787/2018/acp-18-2787-2018.html

Upper tropospheric ice sensitivity to sulfate geoengineering

Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018

Dynamical tropospheric changes caused by SG and their effect on upper tropospheric ice formation Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., Pitari, G., Di Genova, G., Tilmes, S., and Cionni, I. (2018). "Upper tropospheric ice sensitivity to sulfate geoengineering". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 18, 14867-14887 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/14867/2018/acp-18-14867-2018.html

Seasonal Injection Strategies for Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering

Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2019

Exploring the microphysical differences in injections of SO2 in different locations and times of year Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., Tilmes, S., Mills, M. J., Richter, J. H., and Boudreau, M. P. (2019). "Seasonal Injection Strategies for Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering". Geophysical Research Letters, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083680 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019GL083680

What goes up must come down: impacts of deposition in a sulfate geoengineering scenario

Published in Environmental Research Letters, 2020

Impacts of sulfate deposition on different types of soil Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., Slessarev, E., MacMartin, D., Mahowald, N. M., Goodale, C. L., and Xia,L. (2020), "What goes up must come down: impacts of deposition in a sulfate geoengineeringscenario", Environmental Research Letters, 15(9), http://iopscience.iop.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab94eb https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab94eb

Seasonally Modulated Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Alters the Climate Outcomes

Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2020

Exploring the surface climate effects and causes of different SG strategies injecting at different times of the year Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., Richter, J. H., Tilmes, S., and Mills, M. J. (2020). "Seasonally Modulated Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Alters the Climate Outcomes". Geophysical Research Letters, 47(12), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088337 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL088337

Reduced poleward transport due to stratospheric heating under stratospheric aerosols geoengineering

Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2020

Diagnosing and explaining changes in high-latitudinal stratospheric transport due to geoengineering Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., Lee, W., Simpson, I. R., & Richter, J. H. (2020). "Reduced poleward transport due to stratospheric heating under stratospheric aerosols geoengineering". Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL089470. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089470 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL089470?af=R

Is Turning Down the Sun a Good Proxy for Stratospheric Sulfate Geoengineering?

Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2021

Causes of the differences in the changes in climate between solar dimming and stratospheric sulfate geoengineering Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz (2021). "Is Turning Down the Sun a Good Proxy for Stratospheric Sulfate Geoengineering?". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2020JD033952 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JD033952

Potential ecological impacts of climate intervention by reflecting sunlight to cool Earth

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021

Discussion of the possible collaboration between climate scientists and ecologists about SRM impacts Read more

Recommended citation: P. L. Zarnetske, J. Gurevitch, J. Franklin, P. M. Groffman, C. S. Harrison, J. J. Hellmann,Forrest M. Hoffman, S. Kothari, A. Robock, S. Tilmes,D. Visioni, J. Wu, L. Xia, C. Yang,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Apr 2021, 118 (15) e1921854118; DOI:10.1073/pnas.1921854118 https://www.pnas.org/content/118/15/e1921854118

Identifying the sources of uncertainty in climate model simulations of solar radiation modification with the G6sulfur and G6solar Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations

Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2021

First description of model results from 6 ESM participating in this new CMIP6 set of experiments. What can we learn from the inter-model differences we see, and what can we learn from the solar/sulfate comparison. Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., Boucher, O., Jones, A., Lurton, T., Martine, M., Mills, M. J., Nabat, P., Niemeier, U., Seferian, R., and Tilmes, S.: Identifying the sources of uncertainty in climate model simulations of solar radiation modification with the G6sulfur and G6solar Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10039-10063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10039-2021, 2021. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/10039/2021/

Limitations of assuming internal mixing between different aerosol species: a case study with sulfate geoengineering simulations

Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2022

An exploration, using the CESM1-WACCM Geoengineering Large Ensemble, of some limitations of current Modal Aerosol Microphysics modules Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., Tilmes, S., Bardeen, C., Mills, M., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., and Richter, J. H.: Limitations of assuming internal mixing between different aerosol species: a case study with sulfate geoengineering simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1739-1756, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1739-2022, 2022. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/1739/2022/

Future Geoengineering Scenarios: Balancing Policy Relevance and Scientific Significance

Published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2022

The 11th GeoMIP meeting aimed to discuss future scenarios to be used in climate models to better understand the societal and physical impacts of geoengineering, and new results from the latest simulations. This is the meeting report. Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., & Robock, A. (2022). Future Geoengineering Scenarios: Balancing Policy Relevance and Scientific Significance, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 103(3), E817-E820 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0201.1

Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate aerosol and solar dimming climate interventions based on the G6 Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations

Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2022

What do GeoMIP models project in term of stratospheric ozone response to sulfate geoengineering? Read more

Recommended citation: Tilmes, S., Visioni, D., Jones, A., Haywood, J., Seferian, R., Nabat, P., Boucher, O., Bednarz, E. M., and Niemeier, U.: Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate aerosol and solar dimming climate interventions based on the G6 Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4557-4579, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4557-2022, 2022. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/4557/2022/

An approach to sulfate geoengineering with surface emissions of carbonyl sulfide

Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2022

We explore the possible outcome of a new method that might produce stratospheric aerosols without the need of deploying planes to the stratosphere. Read more

Recommended citation: Quaglia, I., Visioni, D., Pitari, G., and Kravitz, B.: An approach to sulfate geoengineering with surface emissions of carbonyl sulfide, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5757?5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5757-2022, 2022 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/5757/2022/

Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth System Models - Part 1: experimental protocols and surface changes

Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion, 2022

Part 1 of a multi-model exploration into off-equatorial SO2 injections, focused on experimental protocols and surface changes Read more

Recommended citation: Visioni, D., Bednarz, E. M., Lee, W. R., Kravitz, B., Jones, A., Haywood, J. M., and MacMartin, D. G.: Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth System Models - Part 1: experimental protocols and surface changes, EGUsphere preprint, 2022 https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2022/egusphere-2022-401/

Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth System Models - Part 2: stratospheric and free-tropospheric response

Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion, 2022

Part 2 of a multi-model exploration into off-equatorial SO2 injections, focused on stratospheric changes Read more

Recommended citation: Bednarz, E. M., Visioni, D., Kravitz, B., Jones, A., Haywood, J. M., Richter, J., MacMartin, D. G., and Braesicke, P.: Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth System Models - Part 2: stratospheric and free-tropospheric response, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. preprint, in review, 2022 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-372

The Overlooked Role of the Stratosphere Under a Solar Constant Reduction

Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2022

Here we discuss stratospheric dynamics changes induced by a reduction in the solar constant Read more

Recommended citation: Bednarz, E. M., Visioni, D., Banerjee, A., Braesicke, P., Kravitz, B., and MacMartin, D. G. (2022). The overlooked role of the stratosphere under a solar constant reduction. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL098773 https://doi. org/10.1029/2022GL098773

Scenarios for modeling solar radiation modification

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 2022

In this work we present our new set of simulations, and discuss our rationale behind the scenario and strategy choices. Read more

Recommended citation: MacMartin, D., Visioni, D., Kravitz, B., Richter J.H., Felghenauer T., Lee W.R., Morrow D.R., Parson E.A., Sugiyama M. (2022). Scenarios for modeling solar radiation modification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 119 (33) e220223011 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2202230119

Impact of the Latitude of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on the Southern Annular Mode

Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2022

Using multiple model simulations, we investigate the impacts on the Southern Annular Mode from SAI and their causes Read more

Recommended citation: Bednarz, E., Visioni, D., Richter, J. H., Butler, A. H., MacMartin, D.G.(2022). Impact of the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injection on the Southern Annular Mode. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL100353 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100353

Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with stratospheric aerosol injection (ARISE-SAI): protocol and initial results from the first simulations

Published in Geoscientific Model Development, 2022

Detailed description of the initial protocols and first results for the ARISE simulations Read more

Recommended citation: Richter, J. H., Visioni, D., MacMartin, D. G., Bailey, D. A., Rosenbloom, N., Dobbins, B., Lee, W. R., Tye, M., and Lamarque, J.-F.: Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with stratospheric aerosol injection (ARISE-SAI): protocol and initial results from the first simulations, Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 8221?8243, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8221-2022, 2022 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8221-2022

publicationsothers

Stratospheric Aerosols from Major Volcanic Eruptions: A Composition-Climate Model Study of the Aerosol Cloud Dispersal and e-folding Time

Published:

How are volcanic plumes affected by the different phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. Read more

Recommended citation: Pitari, G.; Di Genova, G.; Mancini, E.; Visioni, D.; Gandolfi, I.; Cionni, I. "Stratospheric Aerosols from Major Volcanic Eruptions: A Composition-Climate Model Study of the Aerosol Cloud Dispersal and e-folding Time". Atmosphere 2016, 7, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7060075

Sulfate Aerosols from Non-Explosive Volcanoes: Chemical-Radiative Effects in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

Published:

Quantifying the effect of non-explosive volcanic emissions of SO2 in the atmosphere. Read more

Recommended citation: Pitari, G.; Visioni, D.; Mancini, E.; Cionni, I.; Di Genova, G.; Gandolfi, I. "Sulfate Aerosols from Non-Explosive Volcanoes: Chemical-Radiative Effects in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere". Atmosphere 2016, 7, 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070085

Deriving Global OH Abundance and Atmospheric Lifetimes for Long-Lived Gases: A Search for CH3CCl3 Alternatives

Published:

Tracking the OH radical in the atmosphere. Read more

Recommended citation: "Deriving Global OH Abundance and Atmospheric Lifetimes for Long-Lived Gases: A Search for CH3CCl3 Alternatives",Liang, Q., Chipperfield, M. P., Fleming, E. L., Abraham,N. L., Braesicke, P., Burkholder, J. B., Daniel, J. S., Dhomse, S., Fraser, P. J., Hardiman, S. C.,Jackman, C. H., Kinnison, D. E., Krummel, P. B., Montzka, S. A., Morgenstern, O., McCulloch,A., Muhle, J., Newman, P. A., Orkin, V. L., Pitari, G., Prinn, R. G., Rigby, M., Rozanov, E.,Stenke, A., Tummon, F., Velders, G. J. M.,Visioni, D., and Weiss, R. F., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550420000361 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026926

Stratospheric ozone loss over the Eurasian continent induced by the polar vortex shift

Published:

Is stratospheric ozone reducing over the northern hemisphere because of shifts in the polar vortex? Read more

Recommended citation: "Stratospheric ozone loss over the Eurasian continent induced by the polar vortex shift", Zhang, J., Tian, W., Xie, F., Chipperfield, M. P., Feng, W., Son, S.-W., Abraham, N. L.,Archibald, A. T., Bekki, S., Butchart, N., Deushi, M., Dhomse, S., Han, Y., Jockel, P., Kinnison,D., Kirner, O., Michou, M., Morgenstern, O., O Connor, F. M., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A.,Revell, L. E., Rozanov, E.,Visioni, D., Wang, W., and Zeng, G., Nature Communications, 9,206, doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02565-2 (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02565-2

Ozone sensitivity to varying greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances in CCMI-1 simulations

Published:

How do CCMI models fare in terms of tropospheric large-scale transport? Not very good, mostly due to coarse horizontal resolution. Read more

Recommended citation: Morgenstern, O., Stone, K. A., Schofield, R., Akiyoshi, H., Yamashita, Y., Kinnison, D. E., Garcia, R. R., Sudo, K., Plummer, D. A., Scinocca, J., Oman, L. D., Manyin, M. E., Zeng, G., Rozanov, E., Stenke, A., Revell, L. E., Pitari, G., Mancini, E., Di Genova, G., Visioni, D., Dhomse, S. S., and Chipperfield, M. P.: "Ozone sensitivity to varying greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances in CCMI-1 simulations", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1091-1114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1091-2018, 2018. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/1091/2018/acp-18-1091-2018.pdf

Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models

Published:

Mixing observations and climate models to understand the behavior of some short-lived substances in the stratosphere. Read more

Recommended citation: "Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models",Wales, P. A., Salawitch,R. J., Nicely, J. M., Anderson, D. C., Canty, T. P., Sunil, B., Dix, B., Koenig, T. K., Volkamer,R., Chen, D., Huey, G. L., Tanner, D. J., Cuevas, C. A., Fernandez, R. P., Kinnison, D. E.,Lamarque, J. F., Lopez, A. S., Atlas, E. L., Hall, S. R., Navarro, M. A., Pan, L. L., Schauffler,S. M., Stell, M., Tilmes, S., Ullmann, K., Weinheimer, A. J., Akiyoshi, H., Chipperfield, M. P.,Deushi, M., Dhomse, S. S., Feng, W., Graf, P., Hossaini, R., Jockel, P., Mancini, E., Michou, M.,Morgenstern, O., Oman, L. D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Revell, L. E., Rozanov, E., Martin, D.S., Schofield, R., Stenke, A., Stone, K. A.,Visioni, D., Youshuke, Y., and Zeng, G., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 0, doi:10.1029/2017JD027978 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978

Quantifying the effect of mixing on the mean age of air in CCMVal-2 and CCMI-1 models

Published:

Why is the Age of Air slower in most models compared to observations in the stratosphere? Read more

Recommended citation: Dietmuller, S., Eichinger, R., Garny, H., Birner, T., Boenisch, H., Pitari, G., Mancini, E., Visioni, D., Stenke, A., Revell, L., Rozanov, E., Plummer, D. A., Scinocca, J., Jockel, P., Oman, L., Deushi, M., Kiyotaka, S., Kinnison, D. E., Garcia, R., Morgenstern, O., Zeng, G., Stone, K. A., and Schofield, R.: "Quantifying the effect of mixing on the mean age of air in CCMVal-2 and CCMI-1 models", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6699-6720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6699-2018, 2018. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/6699/2018/

Large-scale tropospheric transport in the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) simulations

Published:

How do CCMI models fare in terms of tropospheric large-scale transport? Not very good, mostly due to coarse horizontal resolution. Read more

Recommended citation: Orbe, C., Yang, H., Waugh, D. W., Zeng, G., Morgenstern , O., Kinnison, D. E., Lamarque, J.-F., Tilmes, S., Plummer, D. A., Scinocca, J. F., Josse, B., Marecal, V., Jockel, P., Oman, L. D., Strahan, S. E., Deushi, M., Tanaka, T. Y., Yoshida, K., Akiyoshi, H., Yamashita, Y., Stenke, A., Revell, L., Sukhodolov, T., Rozanov, E., Pitari, G., Visioni, D., Stone, K. A., Schofield, R., and Banerjee, A.: "Large-scale tropospheric transport in the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) simulations", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7217-7235, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7217-2018, 2018. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/7217/2018/

Estimates of ozone return dates from Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative simulations

Published:

When will ozone return to what it was before CFCs? Read more

Recommended citation: Dhomse, S. S., Kinnison, D., Chipperfield, M. P., Salawitch, R. J., Cionni, I., Hegglin, M. I., Abraham, N. L., Akiyoshi, H., Archibald, A. T., Bednarz, E. M., Bekki, S., Braesicke, P., Butchart, N., Dameris, M., Deushi, M., Frith, S., Hardiman, S. C., Hassler, B., Horowitz, L. W., Hu, R.-M., Jockel, P., Josse, B., Kirner, O., Kremser, S., Langematz, U., Lewis, J., Marchand, M., Lin, M., Mancini, E., Marecal, V., Michou, M., Morgenstern, O., O Connor, F. M., Oman, L., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Pyle, J. A., Revell, L. E., Rozanov, E., Schofield, R., Stenke, A., Stone, K., Sudo, K., Tilmes, S., Visioni, D., Yamashita, Y., and Zeng, G.: "Estimates of ozone return dates from Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative simulations", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8409?8438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8409-2018, 2018. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/8409/2018/

Revisiting the Mystery of Recent Stratospheric Temperature Trends

Published:

Understanding the reasons behind the trend in stratospheric temperatures and the discrepancies with available measurements. Read more

Recommended citation: "Revisiting the Mystery of Recent Stratospheric Temperature Trends" (2018),Maycock, A. C.,Randel, W. J., Steiner, A. K., Karpechko, A. Y., Christy, J., Saunders, R., Thompson, D. W.J., Zou, C.-Z., Chrysanthou, A., Luke, A. N., Akiyoshi, H., Archibald, A. T., Butchart, N.,Chipperfield, M., Dameris, M., Deushi, M., Dhomse, S., Genova, G. D., Jockel, P., Kinnison, D.E., Kirner, O., Ladstadter, F., Michou, M., Morgenstern, O., O Connor, F., Oman, L., Pitari, G.,Plummer, D. A., Revell, L. E., Rozanov, E., Stenke, A.,Visioni, D., Yamashita, Y., and Zeng,G., Geophysical Research Letters, 0, doi:10.1029/2018GL078035 https://doi.org/ 10.1029/2018GL078035

Tropospheric ozone in CCMI models and Gaussian process emulation to understand biases in the SOCOLv3 chemistry-climate model

Published:

Using a gaussian process emulation to understand errors and sources of uncertainties in tropospheric transport and chemistry. Read more

Recommended citation: Revell, L. E., Stenke, A., Tummon, F., Feinberg, A., Rozanov, E., Peter, T., Abraham, N. L., Akiyoshi, H., Archibald, A. T., Butchart, N., Deushi, M., Jockel, P., Kinnison, D., Michou, M., Morgenstern, O., O Connor, F. M., Oman, L. D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Schofield, R., Stone, K., Tilmes, S., Visioni, D., Yamashita, Y., and Zeng, G.: "Tropospheric ozone in CCMI models and Gaussian process emulation to understand biases in the SOCOLv3 chemistry-climate model", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16155-16172, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16155-2018, 2018. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/16155/2018/

The influence of mixing on the stratospheric age of air changes in the 21st century

Published:

Studying the influence of mixing in stratospheric circulation using a suite of CCMI models. Read more

Recommended citation: Eichinger, R., Dietmuller, S., Garny, H., Sacha, P., Birner, T., Bonisch, H., Pitari, G., Visioni, D., Stenke, A., Rozanov, E., Revell, L., Plummer, D. A., Jockel, P., Oman, L., Deushi, M., Kinnison, D. E., Garcia, R., Morgenstern, O., Zeng, G., Stone, K. A., and Schofield, R.: "The influence of mixing on the stratospheric age of air changes in the 21st century", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 921-940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-921-2019, 2019 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/921/2019/

Clear sky ultraviolet radiation modelling using output from the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative

Published:

Impacts on surface UV radiation of various emission scenarios for the 21st century. Read more

Recommended citation: Lamy, K., Portafaix, T., Josse, B., Brogniez, C., Godin-Beekmann, S., Bencherif, H., Revell, L., Akiyoshi, H., Bekki, S., Hegglin, M. I., Jockel, P., Kirner, O., Liley, B., Marecal, V., Morgenstern, O., Stenke, A., Zeng, G., Abraham, N. L., Archibald, A. T., Butchart, N., Chipperfield, M. P., Di Genova, G., Deushi, M., Dhomse, S. S., Hu, R.-M., Kinnison, D., Kotkamp, M., McKenzie, R., Michou, M., O Connor, F. M., Oman, L. D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Pyle, J. A., Rozanov, E., Saint-Martin, D., Sudo, K., Tanaka, T. Y., Visioni, D., and Yoshida, K.: "Clear sky ultraviolet radiation modelling using output from the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10087-10110, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10087-2019, 2019 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/921/2019/

The effect of atmospheric nudging on the stratospheric residual circulation in chemistry?climate models

Published:

Does the nudging to prescribed circulation affects the precision of climate model projections? Not really Read more

Recommended citation: Chrysanthou, A., Maycock, A. C., Chipperfield, M. P., Dhomse, S., Garny, H., Kinnison, D., Akiyoshi, H., Deushi, M., Garcia, R. R., Jockel, P., Kirner, O., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Revell, L., Rozanov, E., Stenke, A., Tanaka, T. Y., Visioni, D., and Yamashita, Y.: "The effect of atmospheric nudging on the stratospheric residual circulation in chemistry?climate models", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11559?11586, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11559-2019, 2019 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/11559/2019/

Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Geoengineering Could Alter the High-Latitude Seasonal Cycle

Published:

Effect of sulfate geoengineering on high latitudinal temperatures and seasonal cycle Read more

Recommended citation: Jiang, J., Cao, L., MacMartin, D. G., Simpson, I. R., Kravitz, B., Cheng, W., et al. (2019). "Stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering could alter the high latitude seasonal cycle". Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 14,153?14,163. https://doi.org/10.1029/ 2019GL085758 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL085758

Expanding the design space of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering to include precipitation-based objectives and explore trade-offs

Published:

Can we simulate geoengineering scenarios that aim to restore non-temperature-related metrics? Read more

Recommended citation: Lee, W., MacMartin, D., Visioni, D., and Kravitz, B.: "Expanding the design space of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering to include precipitation-based objectives and explore trade-offs", Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 1051?1072, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-1051-2020, 2020. https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/11/1051/2020/esd-11-1051-2020.html

Detection of pre-industrial societies on exoplanets

Published:

Exploring the possibility of detecting pre-industrial societies in other planets from planetary changes. Read more

Recommended citation: Lockley, A., & Visioni, D. (2021). "Detection of pre-industrial societies on exoplanets", International Journal of Astrobiology, 73-80. doi:10.1017/S1473550420000361 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/abs/detection-of-preindustrial-societies-on-exoplanets/2F1C14870F756707F4808D2045AAA80C

Comparing different generations of idealized solar geoengineering simulations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

Published:

Differences between different generation of ESM simulations of solar dimming Read more

Recommended citation: Kravitz, B., MacMartin, D. G., Visioni, D., Boucher, O., Cole, J. N. S., Haywood, J., Jones, A., Lurton, T., Nabat, P., Niemeier, U., Robock, A., Seferian, R., and Tilmes, S.: "Comparing different generations of idealized solar geoengineering simulations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4231-4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4231-2021, 2021 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/4231/2021/

High-Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Can Be More Effective if Injection Is Limited to Spring

Published:

Would it be possible to preserve Arctic sea-ice with carefully timed SO2 injections at high latitudes? Read more

Recommended citation: Lee, W. R., MacMartin, D. G., Visioni, D., and Kravitz, B.: "High-latitude stratospheric aerosol geoengineering can be more effective if injection is limited to spring", Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL092696, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092696, 2021 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021GL092696

From Moral Hazard to Risk-Response Feedback

Published:

We argue that moral hazard is not a useful concept when talking about carbon dioxide removal or solar geoengineering Read more

Recommended citation: J. Jebari, T.M. Andrews, V. Aquila, B. Beckage, M. Belaia, M. Clifford, J. Fuhrman,D.P. Keller, K.J. Mach, D.R. Morrow, K.T. Raimi, D. Visioni, S. Nicholson, C.H. Trisos: "From Moral Hazard to Risk-Response Feedback", Climate Risk Management, 100324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100324, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100324

Differences in the quasi-biennial oscillation response to stratospheric aerosol modification depending on injection strategy and species

Published:

Analysing the response of the QBO in two climate models (CESM2 and ECHAM) and different SO2 injection strategies Read more

Recommended citation: Franke, H., Niemeier, U., and Visioni, D.: "Differences in the quasi-biennial oscillation response to stratospheric aerosol modification depending on injection strategy and species", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8615-8635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8615-2021, 2021. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8615/2021/

Sensitivity of total column ozone to stratospheric sulfur injection strategies

Published:

An exploration of the sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to different injection strategies. Read more

Recommended citation: Tilmes, S., Richter, J. H., Kravitz, B., MacMartin, D. G., Glanville, A. S., Visioni, D., et al. (2021). "Sensitivity of total column ozone to stratospheric sulfur injection strategies". Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL094058. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094058 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021GL094058

From fAIrplay to climate wars: making climate change scenarios more dynamic, creative, and integrative

Published:

An interdisciplinar effort to build more inclusive climate change scenarios Read more

Recommended citation: Pereira, L. M., D. R. Morrow, V. Aquila, B. Beckage, S. Beckbesinger, L. Beukes, H. J. Buck, C. J. Carlson, O. Geden, A. P. Jones, D. P. Keller, K. J. Mach, M. Mashigo, J. B. Moreno-Cruz, D. Visioni, S. Nicholson, and C. H. Trisos. 2021. "From fAIrplay to climate wars: making climate change scenarios more dynamic, creative, and integrative". Ecology and Society 26(4):30. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12856-260430 https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12856-260430

Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy part 1: Intercomparison of modal and sectional aerosol module

Published:

A modeling study of the dependency of geoengineering efficacy and results on the aerosol scheme used in a model Read more

Recommended citation: Laakso, A., Niemeier, U., Visioni, D., Tilmes, S., and Kokkola, H.: "Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy part 1: Intercomparison of modal and sectional aerosol module", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 93?118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-93-2022, 2022.. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/93/2022/

An interactive stratospheric aerosol model intercomparison of solar geoengineering by stratospheric injection of SO2 or accumulation-mode sulfuric acid aerosols

Published:

A description of results from the GeoMIP testbed experiment regarding Stratospheric Solar Geoengineering with H2SO4 injections. Read more

Recommended citation: Weisenstein, D. K., Visioni, D., Franke, H., Niemeier, U., Vattioni, S., Chiodo, G., Peter, T., and Keith, D. W.: An interactive stratospheric aerosol model intercomparison of solar geoengineering by stratospheric injection of SO2 or accumulation-mode sulfuric acid aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2955?2973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2955-2022, 2022. https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/2955/2022/

The impact of stratospheric aerosol intervention on the North Atlantic and Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) G6sulfur experiment

Published:

What are the effects of SAI on the North Atlantic Oscillation in the GeoMIP G6 experiment? Read more

Recommended citation: Jones, A., Haywood, J. M., Scaife, A. A., Boucher, O., Henry, M., Kravitz, B., Lurton, T., Nabat, P., Niemeier, U., Seferian, R., Tilmes, S., and Visioni, D.: The impact of stratospheric aerosol intervention on the North Atlantic and Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) G6sulfur experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2999?3016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2999-2022, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-898

Changes in Hadley circulation and intertropical convergence zone under strategic stratospheric aerosol geoengineering

Published:

What are the effects of SAI on the Hadley circulation and ITCZ in the GLENS simulations? Read more

Recommended citation: Cheng, W., MacMartin, D.G., Kravitz, B., Visioni, D. et al. Changes in Hadley circulation and intertropical convergence zone under strategic stratospheric aerosol geoengineering. npj Clim Atmos Sci 5, 32 (2022). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-022-00254-6

Indices of extremes: geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention

Published:

What are the effects of SAI on extreme weather events in the GLENS simulations? Read more

Recommended citation: Tye, M. R., Dagon, K., Molina, M. J., Richter, J. H., Visioni, D., Kravitz, B., and Tilmes, S.: Indices of extremes: geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention, Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 1233-1257. https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/13/1233/2022/

A subpolar-focused stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenario

Published:

Here we explore the feasibility, from a technical point of view, of a possible SAI polar deployment Read more

Recommended citation: Smith, W., Bhattarai, U., MacMartin, D.G., Lee, W.R., Visioni, D., Kravitz, B., Rice, C. V.: A subpolar-focused stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenario, Environmental Research Communications, 4(9). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7620/ac8cd3

A Review of El Nino Southern Oscillation Linkage to Strong Volcanic Eruptions and Post-Volcanic Winter Warming

Published:

An in-depth assessment of the El Nino Southern Oscillation response to volcanism Read more

Recommended citation: Dogar, M.M., Hermanson, L., Scaife, A.A. et al. A Review of El Nino Southern Oscillation Linkage to Strong Volcanic Eruptions and Post-Volcanic Winter Warming. Earth Syst Environ (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-022-00331-z https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7620/ac8cd3

talks

Understanding the potential impacts of sulfate aerosol injections on the climate system

Published:

Invited seminar for the Columbia University Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Earth Science Colloquium. Abstract: Past explosive volcanic eruptions have shown that large SO2 injections in the stratosphere have a temporary cooling effect on our planet’s temperatures. This has led some to propose artificial injections of SO2 to ameliorate some of the effects of climate change, as a supplement to emission reduction. Numerous climate models have analyzed the potential impacts that this would have, finding some broad areas of agreement over the resulting climatic response, but also highlighting large inter-model differences. By looking at current modeling experiments such as multi-model intercomparisons as part of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), and some large ensembles produced with the Community Earth System Model, I will provide my insight on how to interpret and communicate current results and uncertainties around this form of climate intervention, and about areas of future model improvements. A link to the event page can be found here. Read more

teaching

General Physics (2017/2018/2019)

Undergraduate course, University of L'Aquila, Department of Biology, 2017

Assistant professor in the General Physics course. Lectures, ideation and evaluation of written exams. Read more

Magnetism and Electricity Lab (2017/2018)

Undergraduate course, University of L'Aquila, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 2017

Assistant professor in the laboratory course in Magnetism and Electricity. Supervision of students, ideation of experiments, evaluation of lab reports. Read more